วันอังคารที่ 22 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Refractory Materials
Applied Diamond 01926485185 Kenilworth, Warwickshire Manufacture and supply of Diamond Tools, Manufacture of other machine tools not elsewhere classified refractories - diamond saw blades - Clay Pipes - Concrete Roof Tiles Arthur Wood Group 01514861888 Liverpool, Merseyside Our latest ranges and special offers at your finger tips The Rayware Group has a dedicated purchasing and design team, which work closely together … Carbone 0146915400 Portslade, East Sussex Le Carbone (GB) is the UK base of the Carbone Lorraine Group, leaders in the field of graphite and carbon manufacturing - including semi-conductor … Ceramisis +44 020 7927 6710 Vacuum Products And Cleanrooms, London …components, Thin film deposition systems, Sputtering targets and refractory materials for use in vacuum furnaces and thin film deposition … Fibre Technologie Limited / Fibretech 0044(0)1773863100 Pinxton, Nottinghamshire FIBRETECH produces Melt Extract stainless steel fibres in various grades (AISI 330, 316, 314, 310, 304, 446, 430...etc) & lengths (35, 25, 12, … refractories - refractory
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 20 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Refractory Material Reduces Furnace Downtime for Aluminum Die
Reducing furnace downtime is a key element in maintaining adequate productivity in foundry operations. One of the most common maintenance problems encountered in any given foundry is the repair and replacement of the refractory materials used to line the melting furnaces. The linings of aluminum melting furnaces are constantly exposed not only to high temperatures, but also other adverse conditions that may include impact and gouging when aluminum ingots are charged into the furnace.
Another main contributor to the deterioration of aluminum melting furnace linings is the formation of alumina or dross on the surface of the melt which can penetrate a refractory brick lining, thus requiring constant maintenance and repair. In many instances, a furnace may have to be repaired monthly and/or completely relined every one to three years in order to keep it operational.
A two-part refractory system (ThermbondR) has been developed by Stellar Materials, Inc., Delray Beach, FL, within the last several years and is showing promise as a durable, alumina-resistant furnace lining material. Below are two case studies that describe the application of this stable, abrasion-resistant refractory material and the benefits realized by two aluminum melting operations.
Another main contributor to the deterioration of aluminum melting furnace linings is the formation of alumina or dross on the surface of the melt which can penetrate a refractory brick lining, thus requiring constant maintenance and repair. In many instances, a furnace may have to be repaired monthly and/or completely relined every one to three years in order to keep it operational.
A two-part refractory system (ThermbondR) has been developed by Stellar Materials, Inc., Delray Beach, FL, within the last several years and is showing promise as a durable, alumina-resistant furnace lining material. Below are two case studies that describe the application of this stable, abrasion-resistant refractory material and the benefits realized by two aluminum melting operations.
AIRO DIE CASTING
Airo Die Casting, Inc., Loyalhanna, PA, was founded in 1975 as a producer of aluminum die cast compressor blades for the nuclear industry. The company has grown significantly and is currently serving a variety of specialized industries including telecommunications and transportation. The company's newly designed, 60,000 square foot manufacturing facility provides the ideal environment for a full range of service capabilities including tool design and construction, impregnation, pressure testing, chromating, assembly and powder paint.
Prior to redesigning the manufacturing facility, Airo Die Casting used gas-fired crucible furnaces at the individual die casting machines to produce the melt. Over the last several years, new equipment and methods have been implemented at the casting stations that outstripped the capacity of the local furnaces. By upgrading hydraulics and control systems on the casters, and through the use of reciprocators and automatic ladlers at each casting station, each machine is now capable of producing more parts than the capacity of the old furnaces.
To meet the need for more capacity, the company added a 40,000 pound gas-fired reverbatory furnace from Schaefer Furnaces, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. While finalizing the specifications for the new furnace, Schaefer engineers warned Airo about aluminum oxide that is inevitably generated in furnaces of this type at the surface of the molten metal where it contacts the air. Aluminum oxide has a tendency to penetrate and build up on conventional high-alumina refractories. As the aluminum oxide builds up, it gradually reduces the furnace's capacity and can even deform the walls of the furnace. Under normal circumstances, it is feasible that a furnace would have to be shut down every six months for major repairs costing the company thousands of dollars in materials, labor, and production time until the furnace is back in service.
Airo Die Casting, Inc., Loyalhanna, PA, was founded in 1975 as a producer of aluminum die cast compressor blades for the nuclear industry. The company has grown significantly and is currently serving a variety of specialized industries including telecommunications and transportation. The company's newly designed, 60,000 square foot manufacturing facility provides the ideal environment for a full range of service capabilities including tool design and construction, impregnation, pressure testing, chromating, assembly and powder paint.
Prior to redesigning the manufacturing facility, Airo Die Casting used gas-fired crucible furnaces at the individual die casting machines to produce the melt. Over the last several years, new equipment and methods have been implemented at the casting stations that outstripped the capacity of the local furnaces. By upgrading hydraulics and control systems on the casters, and through the use of reciprocators and automatic ladlers at each casting station, each machine is now capable of producing more parts than the capacity of the old furnaces.
To meet the need for more capacity, the company added a 40,000 pound gas-fired reverbatory furnace from Schaefer Furnaces, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. While finalizing the specifications for the new furnace, Schaefer engineers warned Airo about aluminum oxide that is inevitably generated in furnaces of this type at the surface of the molten metal where it contacts the air. Aluminum oxide has a tendency to penetrate and build up on conventional high-alumina refractories. As the aluminum oxide builds up, it gradually reduces the furnace's capacity and can even deform the walls of the furnace. Under normal circumstances, it is feasible that a furnace would have to be shut down every six months for major repairs costing the company thousands of dollars in materials, labor, and production time until the furnace is back in service.
DURABLE REFRACTORY
To combat the problem of aluminum oxide build up, the furnace manufacturer recommended the use of the Thermbond family of engineered refractories instead of conventional refractory materials. This two-part system consists of a dry formulation and a liquid activator (Fig. 1).
These materials are supplied as pre-measured components that are added together to form a unique ionically bonded refractory. The key advantage of this material in aluminum foundry applications is that it is completely and naturally non-wetting to aluminum without the use of additives. This feature allows oxides to be easily removed during nightly cleaning operations without damaging the underlying refractory, ultimately resulting in a longer lining life. Other refractories typically use additives to achieve non-wetting characteristics, which eventually oxidize out of the products causing them to lose their effectiveness.
Another advantage of this Al2O3-resistant refractory is that its high early strength reduces installation time and allows furnaces to return to service faster. The refractory reaches a high compressive strength within an hour of casting and typically cures within a few hours after it is applied with no external heat required. The material bonds extremely well to itself and to other refractories so it can easily be repaired or veneered for extended service. In most applications, this refractory can be put into service immediately after bake-out.
To combat the problem of aluminum oxide build up, the furnace manufacturer recommended the use of the Thermbond family of engineered refractories instead of conventional refractory materials. This two-part system consists of a dry formulation and a liquid activator (Fig. 1).
These materials are supplied as pre-measured components that are added together to form a unique ionically bonded refractory. The key advantage of this material in aluminum foundry applications is that it is completely and naturally non-wetting to aluminum without the use of additives. This feature allows oxides to be easily removed during nightly cleaning operations without damaging the underlying refractory, ultimately resulting in a longer lining life. Other refractories typically use additives to achieve non-wetting characteristics, which eventually oxidize out of the products causing them to lose their effectiveness.
Another advantage of this Al2O3-resistant refractory is that its high early strength reduces installation time and allows furnaces to return to service faster. The refractory reaches a high compressive strength within an hour of casting and typically cures within a few hours after it is applied with no external heat required. The material bonds extremely well to itself and to other refractories so it can easily be repaired or veneered for extended service. In most applications, this refractory can be put into service immediately after bake-out.
RESULTS
Very soon after the new furnace was installed, the metal tenders noticed a major difference in maintenance requirements. Much less than the expected amount of aluminum oxide had adhered to the walls of the furnace and the oxide was removed with a minimum of effort (Fig. 2). Instead of spending several hours cleaning the furnace, it took less than 15 minutes. The easy removal of the aluminum oxide deposits indicated that the refractory was extremely durable since the main failure mode of the earlier refractory was breaking off along with the oxide.
After a little experience, a routine maintenance schedule was developed. Once per shift, a flux degassing wand is run around the walls of the furnace to soften up the oxide buildup. Then at the end of each shift, a steel "rake" is used scrape the walls. This minor amount of cleaning is sufficient to remove any build up of oxide and maintain the refractory lining at production standards.
Very soon after the new furnace was installed, the metal tenders noticed a major difference in maintenance requirements. Much less than the expected amount of aluminum oxide had adhered to the walls of the furnace and the oxide was removed with a minimum of effort (Fig. 2). Instead of spending several hours cleaning the furnace, it took less than 15 minutes. The easy removal of the aluminum oxide deposits indicated that the refractory was extremely durable since the main failure mode of the earlier refractory was breaking off along with the oxide.
After a little experience, a routine maintenance schedule was developed. Once per shift, a flux degassing wand is run around the walls of the furnace to soften up the oxide buildup. Then at the end of each shift, a steel "rake" is used scrape the walls. This minor amount of cleaning is sufficient to remove any build up of oxide and maintain the refractory lining at production standards.
LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE
For two years, the furnace has run 24 hours per day, six days a week and 12 hours on Sunday with only two shut downs (once related to damaged wiring and another for cold cleaning and inspection). During inspection, it was found there was no significant growth of oxide and no penetration of the Thermbond by alumina. The walls were made smooth again using Formula Patch and to date, the refractory material wall is still in excellent condition (Fig. 3). The walls are nearly as flat and smooth as when the furnace was first installed. Based on current experience, it is estimated that the furnace will provide another 24 months of continuous service before requiring another shut down for cold cleaning and/or replacement.
The cleanliness of the new furnace has also improved product quality. Airo has received no reports from customers concerning the presence of oxide inclusions in any of their products.
For two years, the furnace has run 24 hours per day, six days a week and 12 hours on Sunday with only two shut downs (once related to damaged wiring and another for cold cleaning and inspection). During inspection, it was found there was no significant growth of oxide and no penetration of the Thermbond by alumina. The walls were made smooth again using Formula Patch and to date, the refractory material wall is still in excellent condition (Fig. 3). The walls are nearly as flat and smooth as when the furnace was first installed. Based on current experience, it is estimated that the furnace will provide another 24 months of continuous service before requiring another shut down for cold cleaning and/or replacement.
The cleanliness of the new furnace has also improved product quality. Airo has received no reports from customers concerning the presence of oxide inclusions in any of their products.
http://www.industrialheating.com/Articles/Feature_Article/a24ed10feabb7010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0_
High temperature insulation And Refractory Materials
High temperature insulation And Refractory Materials
Almatthai high temperature insulation products provide heat management solutions in a wide range of markets. Consider our High temperature insulation And Refractory Materials product line, High temperature Adhesive , and High Temperature Cements Mastic, Moldables, Fiber castable, andInsulation Board (Calcium silicate board , Silica board, Fiber Cement) ,and our other high performance high temperature insulation products. Almatthai high temperature insulation products are used to solve high temperature application problems in the manufacture of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, industrial chemicals, refining & petroleum products, and ceramics & glasses. They are also used in heat-treatment, power generation, boilers & incinerators, fire protection, aerospace products, automotive products, appliances, and other industries.
High temperature Insulation
APPLICATION Insulation material for molten aluminium application trough, spout, float, nozzle, etc which contact to melting aluminium Baths for holding furnace High temperature insulation board lining for launders Hot top ring headers etc. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Maximum Service Temp. (๐C) 850 Nominal Density (g/cm3) 0.82 Compressive Strength (N/cm2) 980 STANDARD DIMENSION Thickness mm. 13, 25, 30, 40, 50, 80, 100 Width x Length mm. 910 x 1210
High Temperature Adhesive
AME ADHESIVE HT-1500 APPLICATION * High temperature adhesive use as an adhesive to bondceramic fiber products together or bond ceramic fiber products to metal, brick, castable, refractories. * To bond calcium silicate board & Cover * To bond high temperature materials PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * Maximum Service Temp. 1500 ๐C * Typical chemical analysis (%) Al2O3 65 SiO2 29
NAME SPECY BOND FEATURES Adhesive for mold repair APPLICATION * Bonding Mold * Mold repair PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * Typical chemical analysis (%) CH2CHCOOCH3 55 SiO2H2O 25 (CH3)2CO 20 PACKING : 90 GRAM/TUBE (120 TUBES/BOX)
High Temperature Cement
APPLICATION : * Bonding between refractory ceramic fibre products * Bonding Ceramic fibre modules with existing refractory linings * Expension joints packing PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * Maximum Service Temp. 1260 ๐C * Typical chemical analysis (%) Al2O3 >28 SiO2 <72
High Temperature Insulation Board
APPLICATION Insulation material for molten aluminium application trough, spout, float, nozzle, etc which contact to melting aluminium Baths for holding furnace High temperature insulation board lining for launders Hot top ring headers etc. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Maximum Service Temp. (๐C) 850 Nominal Density (g/cm3) 0.82 Compressive Strength (N/cm2) 980 STANDARD DIMENSION Thickness mm. 13, 25, 30, 40, 50, 80, 100 Width x Length mm. 910 x 1210
China refractory material product manufacturing Industry, 2010
China refractory material product manufacturing Industry, 2010 is valuable for anyone who wants to invest in the refractory material product manufacturing industry, to get Chinese investments; to import into China or export from China, to build factories and take advantage of lower costs in China, to partner with one of the key Chinese corporations, to get market shares as China is boosting its domestic needs; to forecast the future of the world economy as China is leading the way; or to compete in the segment. The report provides in-depth analysis and detailed insight into the refractory material product manufacturing industry, market drivers, key enterprises and their strategies, as well as technologies and investment status, risks and trends. Data sources: Governmental statistics organizations, market research (monitoring) centers, industry associations and institutions, import and export statistics organizations, and others. This report is divided into 9 parts 19 chapters as follow: Part 1 Industry Overview 1. Industry definition and development overview
2. Industry macroscopic environment and its influence analysis
3. Industry international market analysis
4. Industry domestic market analysis Part 2 Basic indices
5. Analysis of the industry’s scale and condition: 2005-2009
6. Status analysis of gross assets analysis: 2005-2009 Part 3 Economic operation
7. Analysis of gross industrial output: 2005-2009
8. Industry sales income analysis: 2005-2009
9. Industry gross profit analysis
10. Industry import/export analysis in 2009 Part 4 Competition landscape
11. Industry competition landscape analysis
12. Industry key enterprises’ competitive power comparison (top 20) Part 5 Key enterprises
13. Comparative analysis of the economic indicators of the industry’s key enterprises Part 6 Business strategy 14. Development bottlenecks and coping strategies in Industry
15. Enterprise development strategy analysis and recommendations in Industry Part 7 Market investment
16. Comparison and analysis of investment activity coefficient and rate of return on investment in Industry
17. Industry investment environment and risks analysis Part 8 Technology
18. Status and trends of the newest technology applications in Industry Part 9 Developments and trends
19. Development trends and operation capacity forecast for 2010-2014
Buy Now: Market Research Browse All: China Market Research Reports China refractory material product manufacturing industry, 2010 Related Reports China refractory material product manufacturing industry, 2011 China refractory material product manufacturing industry, 2008-2009 Global and China Refractory Material Industry Report, 2009-2010 China heat insulation material and noise insulation material manufacturing industry, 2010 China chemical material and chemical product manufacturing industry, 2010 China seal-use packing material and similar product manufacturing industry, 2010 China fireproof ceramics product and other fireproof material manufacturing industry, 2010 China heat insulation material and noise insulation material manufacturing industry, 2011 China other construction material manufacturing industry, 2010 China basic chemical material manufacturing industry, 2010 About ReportsnReports ReportsnReports houses a comprehensive online library of more than 50,000 reports, in-depth market research studies of 5000+ micro markets, and 25 industry specific websites.
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Global High Temperature Insulation Market | Market Research Report
Report Description
The increasing cost of power and the rapid depletion of conventional sources of energy have necessitated effective heat management and energy conservation in industrial processes. High temperature insulation (HTI) products provide high compressive strength and low shrinkage at high temperatures; and thus offer a cost-effective energy management solution for industrial processes.
This research report provides in-depth market intelligence on the global market for HTI products, which is currently witnessing high growth due to expanding industrial applications such as petrochemicals, and cement and glass manufacturing. This report identifies and analyzes growth strategies such as portfolio expansion and the R&D initiatives taken by heat management solution providers.
This report analyzes the markets for the various HTI applications such as petrochemicalS, iron and steel, ceramics, alumina and powder metallurgy. The report also identifies the consumption of HTI products in different operational temperature ranges in these application segments. Each HTI submarket is forecasted and analyzed for trends and the competitive landscape in the HTI markets in the North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of the World.
The report identifies factors that drive or inhibit market growth in order to support the market trends and forecasts made herein for each sub-segment. More than 30 company profiles are provided for a deeper insight into the competitive landscape. The market tables are categorized as per geographies application and temperature ranges.
The intended audience of this report includes:
High temperature insulation manufacturers
End consumers such as petrochemicals, glass, cement, iron and steel manufacturers
R&D (research and development) institutions
Distributors
Raw material suppliers
End consumers such as petrochemicals, glass, cement, iron and steel manufacturers
R&D (research and development) institutions
Distributors
Raw material suppliers
What makes our reports unique?
We provide the longest market segmentation chain in the industry with our three-level market breakdown and our analysis of minimum 40 collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive micro markets.
We provide 10% customization to ensure that our clients find the specific market intelligence they need.
Each report is about 150 pages, featuring 30+ market data tables, 30+ company profiles, and an analysis of 200 patents.
No single report by any other publisher provides market data for all market segments (i.e. products, services, applications, ingredients, and technology) covering the four geographies of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and ROW.
15 pages of high level analysis identifying opportunities, best practices, entry strategies, benchmarking strategies, market positioning, product positioning, and competitive positioning.
We provide 10% customization to ensure that our clients find the specific market intelligence they need.
Each report is about 150 pages, featuring 30+ market data tables, 30+ company profiles, and an analysis of 200 patents.
No single report by any other publisher provides market data for all market segments (i.e. products, services, applications, ingredients, and technology) covering the four geographies of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and ROW.
15 pages of high level analysis identifying opportunities, best practices, entry strategies, benchmarking strategies, market positioning, product positioning, and competitive positioning.
Key questions answered
Which are the high-growth segments and how is the market segmented in terms of applications, products, services, ingredients, technologies, stakeholders?
What are market estimates and forecasts; which markets are doing well and which are not?
Where are the gaps and opportunities; what factors are driving market growth?
Which are the key playing fields and winning-edge imperatives?
What is the competitive landscape; who are the main players in each segment; what are their strategic directives, operational strengths, key selling products, and product pipelines? Who is doing what?
What are market estimates and forecasts; which markets are doing well and which are not?
Where are the gaps and opportunities; what factors are driving market growth?
Which are the key playing fields and winning-edge imperatives?
What is the competitive landscape; who are the main players in each segment; what are their strategic directives, operational strengths, key selling products, and product pipelines? Who is doing what?
Powerful Research and analysis
The analysts working with come from renowned publishers and market research firms globally, adding their expertise and domain understanding. We get the facts from over 22,000 news and information sources, a huge database of key industry participants and draw on our relationships with more than 900 market research companies.
Table of Contents :
Executive summary
Market Overview
Market dynamics
High temperature insulation product market
High temperature insulation application Market
Geographical analysis
Competitive landscape
Market Overview
Market dynamics
High temperature insulation product market
High temperature insulation application Market
Geographical analysis
Competitive landscape
1 Introduction
1.1 KEY TAKE AWAYS
1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION
1.3 MARKETS COVERED
1.4 Research Methodology
1.5 STAKEHOLDERS
1.1 KEY TAKE AWAYS
1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION
1.3 MARKETS COVERED
1.4 Research Methodology
1.5 STAKEHOLDERS
2 Summary
3 Market Overview
3.1 Defining the global high temperature insulation market
3.2 STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION MARKET
3.3 HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION APPLICATION MARKET
3.4 High Temperature Insulation – Value Proposition
3.4.1 Energy Conservation
3.4.2 Economic Considerations – Roi
3.4.3 Environmental Benefits: lowers Emission
3.5 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
3.6 Geographical segmentation of high temperature insulation market
3.7 Conclusion
3.7.1 Key findings
3.7.2 Strategic recommendations
3.1 Defining the global high temperature insulation market
3.2 STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION MARKET
3.3 HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION APPLICATION MARKET
3.4 High Temperature Insulation – Value Proposition
3.4.1 Energy Conservation
3.4.2 Economic Considerations – Roi
3.4.3 Environmental Benefits: lowers Emission
3.5 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
3.6 Geographical segmentation of high temperature insulation market
3.7 Conclusion
3.7.1 Key findings
3.7.2 Strategic recommendations
4 Market Dynamics
4.1 Drivers
4.1.1 Need for energy conservation
4.1.2 Emission reduction Potential
4.1.3 Saving in production cost
4.1.4 Wide range of customizable products
4.2 Restraints & Opportunities
4.2.1 Carcinogenic nature
4.2.2 Durability issues
4.2.3 Newer materials & applications
4.1 Drivers
4.1.1 Need for energy conservation
4.1.2 Emission reduction Potential
4.1.3 Saving in production cost
4.1.4 Wide range of customizable products
4.2 Restraints & Opportunities
4.2.1 Carcinogenic nature
4.2.2 Durability issues
4.2.3 Newer materials & applications
5 High Temperature Insulation Product Market
5.1 Overview
5.2 Characteristics
5.3 Market segmentation
5.3.1 Ceramic Fibers
5.3.1.1 Applications
5.3.2 Insulating Firebricks
5.3.3 Calcium Silicate
5.4 Selecting an Hti Insulation product
5.4.1 On the basis of production requirement
5.4.1.1 Nature of production
5.4.1.2 Type of fuel used
5.4.2 On the basis of product specification
5.4.2.1 Insulating efficiency
5.4.2.2 Thermal conductivity (k-value)
5.4.2.3 Thermal resistance (R-value)
5.4.2.4 Compressive strength
5.4.2.5 Linear shrinkage
5.1 Overview
5.2 Characteristics
5.3 Market segmentation
5.3.1 Ceramic Fibers
5.3.1.1 Applications
5.3.2 Insulating Firebricks
5.3.3 Calcium Silicate
5.4 Selecting an Hti Insulation product
5.4.1 On the basis of production requirement
5.4.1.1 Nature of production
5.4.1.2 Type of fuel used
5.4.2 On the basis of product specification
5.4.2.1 Insulating efficiency
5.4.2.2 Thermal conductivity (k-value)
5.4.2.3 Thermal resistance (R-value)
5.4.2.4 Compressive strength
5.4.2.5 Linear shrinkage
For more information, please visit :
http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-High-Temperature-Insulation-Market-39221.html
http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-High-Temperature-Insulation-Market-39221.html
High Temperature Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy: A Review
Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA Received 6 August 2010; Accepted 24 November 2010 Academic Editor: Jaan Laane Copyright © 2010 G. Li and J. R. Gladden. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The measurement of elastic constants plays an important role in condensed matter physics and materials characterization. This paper presents the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) method for the determination of elastic constants in a single crystal or amorphous solid. In RUS, the measured resonance spectrum of a properly prepared sample and other information such as geometry, density, and initial estimated elastic constants are used to determine the elastic constants of the material. We briefly present the theoretical background and applications to specific materials; however, the focus of this review is on the technical applications of RUS, especially those for high-temperature measurements. 1. Introduction: Elastic Constants and Measurement Methods The elastic response of a solid is determined by the full set of independent elastic constants, which are a measure of the material’s interatomic forces and, specifically, the curvature of the potentials around the equilibrium spacing. Elastic constants are a sensitive probe into the atomic environment of a crystal lattice, and changes in elastic constants are a useful tool for investigating critical phenomenon. Elastic constants are involved in many fundamental phenomena in solid-state physics: they are important parameters in equations of state, lattice dynamics, and phonon spectra; they are also linked to other quantities in thermodynamics such as coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature, Grüneisen parameter, and so on. The measurement of elastic constants is of interest not only to engineers and materials scientists, but also to researchers in many areas of fundamental and applied physics. Numerous theoretical and experimental methods are available for evaluating elastic constants. If the equation for the interatomic potential is known, the elastic constant can be calculated from first principles. The results from ab initio calculations for some crystalline solids with known atomic structures and potentials are usually in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. For simple, accurate and efficient determination of elastic properties of materials, various ultrasonic and nonultrasonic experimental techniques are often preferred. Many experimental techniques [1–3] have been developed and employed for measuring the elastic constants of different types of materials. The selection of technique depends on factors such as the composition, structural characteristic and size of the sample, desired accuracy of measurement, and, of course, the availability of equipment and expertise. Various common techniques can be roughly categorized according to the major parameters that are evaluated or the primary equipment that are used (Table 1). The accuracy of a given experimental method depends on many factors other than the fundamental nature of the method itself. However, frequencies are one of the easiest quantities to measure, and resonance methods typically depend on many more frequency measurements than variables being determined. For these reasons, RUS has emerged as one of the most accurate methods for elastic constant measurements.
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 10 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2554
High Temperature Adhesive - 2000°F Liquid Metals that Bond, Repair and Rebuild
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
2000°F Liquid Metals that Bond, Repair and Rebuild | |
Smooth, creamy putties repair, rebuild and bond. Just apply and let dry. Hardening starts in just 60 minutes.Can be drilled, threaded or machined Convenient repair kits are ideal for small jobs, field use, in-house repairs and even production applications Choose from Aluminum Filled Epoxy Putty, Aluminum Ceramic or Stainless Ceramic Putty | |
New Products - High Temperature Adhesives and Epoxies, Ceramics
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
400°F Plastic Bonding Adhesive | |
Bond-IT 7050 Activated Epoxies adhere to most plastic surfaces producing bonds in many cases stronger than the plastic substrates. Easy to use. Just mix, apply and cure at room temp. for use from -45ºF to + 400ºF. Ideal for bonding combinations of metals, ceramics, plastics, glass and many other dissimilar materials. In most cases no special surface preparation is required. http://www.cotronics.com/vo/cotr/newprod.htm | |
High-Temperature Resistant, Toughened Structural Adhesive Cures at Room Temperature
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
Formulated for structural applications in extreme environments with temperatures from -80°F to +425°F, Master Bond Supreme 33 has superior resistance to thermal cycling, thermal shock and impact. This toughened, two-component epoxy offers high structural bond strength to a wide variety of substrates including metals, glass, ceramics, wood, vulcanized rubbers and many plastics. Supreme 33 also resists chemicals including water, oil and many organic solvents.
Supreme 33 has a mix ratio of 100 to 70 by weight or one to one by volume. It cures conveniently at room temperature in 48hr – 72hr. For optimal performance, the suggested schedule is curing overnight at room temperature followed by 2hr – 3hr at +150°F to +200°F. This 100% reactive epoxy does not contain any solvents or diluents, has exceptional dimensional stability and features very low shrinkage upon cure.
It produces high-performance bonds boasting a shear strength over 2,500psi, a tensile shear strength greater than 7,500psi and a T-peel strength exceeding 15pli. With a volume resistivity of 1,014ohms-cm, a dielectric strength over 400V/ml, and a dielectric constant of 3.8 at 75°F, Supreme 33 is an outstanding electrical insulator that is widely used in the electronic, electrical, aerospace and OEM industries. Supreme 33 is also available in a non-drip version called Supreme 33ND.
Master Bond Supreme 33 combines exceptional durability and toughness for high-temperature resistance bonding and sealing applications
Structural Epoxy Adhesive resists high temperatures
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
Formulated for structural applications in extreme environments with temperatures from -80 to +425°F, Master Bond Supreme 33 bonds to metals, glass, ceramics, wood, vulcanized rubbers, and many plastics. Toughened 2-component adhesive resists thermal cycling, thermal shock, and impact as well as water, oil, and many organic solvents. Designed to cure at room temperature in 48-72
hr, 100% reactive epoxy achieves shear strength over 2,500 psi and tensile shear stre
ngth greater than 7,500 psi.
New adhesives to optimize filter manufacturing
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
Filters are used in many different areas and applications to clean air and liquids. When producing consumer and industrial goods, adhesives play a decisive role. To meet the high expectations of industry, Henkel invests in research and develops new technologies. At the FILTECH 2011 trade fair, Henkel will be presenting an up-to-date product portfolio for construction of modern filter systems.
Henkel will be presenting a cold-cure rigid polyurethane foam adhesive for effective end-cap bonding of liquid and air filters namely Macroplast UK 8524. When compared to conventional products, this adhesive offers numerous benefits: Unlike PVC plastisols, Macroplast UK 8524 can be used and cured at room temperature. This reduces both the cure time and high temperature required which results in significant energy cost savings during the manufacturing process. It also lowers production costs and has a positive impact on environmental performance. Further cost savings are achieved thanks to the rigid foam adhesive’s processing properties: Macroplast UK 8524 foams without needing any further additives, achieving a volume increase of up to 270 percent and forms a closed-cell glue foam with a density of 0.4 g/cm³. As a result, less adhesive has to be used than before, reducing product costs by up to about 30 percent. Another feature worth mentioning is the adhesive’s excellent resistance to engine oil, which makes it suitable for use in automotive industry applications as well.
In addition Henkel has also developed two other adhesives, Macroplast UK 8630 and 8640 which were specifically engineered for use in transport and other applications. These polyurethane-based products are permanently resistant to bio-diesel and other bio-fuels, thus ensuring the durability of fuel filters in retrofitted vehicles. Another plus is their high temperature stability: With a glass transition temperature (TG) of over 100°C, the adhesives can be used in many different applications.
Another product from the Macroplast range that will be showcased at FILTECH 2011 is primarily intended for stabilizing water filters. The larger the diameter of the filter, the more unstable it becomes in use. Filters for water and beverage production are frequently very large, and have to withstand high pressures. Henkel has responded to the special needs of the industry by adding a new product to its standard range – Macroplast CR 3526/4200. This is a rigid filter adhesive for stabilizing large-diameter filters. Manufacturers benefit from this new technology by achieving better quality and hence greater durability of the filters.
Different applications need different adhesives, and Macroplast UK 178 is the preferred choice for spiral wound reverse osmosis filters. This adhesive has already established itself in the USA and Asia in water purification and gas cleaning filters. Macroplast UK 178 meets the highest standards and has been certified in accordance with the U.S. drinking water standard NSF 61. As this product has been very successful overseas, Henkel is now introducing this adhesive in Germany as well.
Visitors can learn all about the latest product innovations and how Henkel adhesives have made a positive contribution to the filter industry at stand B5 in Hall 1 at FILTECH 2011.
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
http://www.henkel.com/press/press-releases-2010-20110202-new-adhesives-to-optimize-filter-manufacturing-31261.htm
Sure-Fire Mixing Technology for Preparing Adhesives Tips
Forum : High Temperature Adhesive
The goal of every industry is to produce high quality products in the most efficient way. When preparing adhesives it is all about how the mixing is performed. Recently there are many new technologies that are being used in manufacturing plants. There are new designs to be considered which may be the solution to many of the challenges mixing presents.
Many previously used mixers used a low speed turbine that churned the mixture. They were reliant on the added solvents to soften the polymers. This was a very time consuming process. Making a batch could take anywhere from 12 to 24 hours. Even then there was a problem with dissolving the resin, especially if it was in slab or pellet form. Several hours of mixing was devoted to just dissolving the resin.
To help speed up the process it is recommended that a high shear mixer be used. It uses a rotor containing four blades and rotates at a high speed. Using high shear it mechanically passes them through the stator openings. As the material is being pressed out, more is being pulled in. The substance is circulated through this process as particles become smaller and smaller which makes them dissolve much easier. The high shear mixer is excellent at dissolving solids into liquids and useful to prepare emulsions. Just switching from the traditional low speed mixing system to the high shear machine drastically reduces mixing time as well as saving power.
There are many advantages for using a SLIM (Solids Induction System) as well. Pressure is used to force ingredients to a high shear zone to be mixed into a liquid stream. One advantage for using the SLIM for preparing emulsions is that is uses lower temperatures to process. It also provides an increased solids loading capability and works virtually dust free.
If the four bladed mixer is not able to significantly reduce particle size an ultra high shear mixer is advised. There are some issues with these homogenizers that makes them less attractive to lab techs. They can require a lot of general maintenance as well as consume a lot of time to clean up. And switching to this type of mixer can be quite costly initially. However, they are effective at reducing particle size for mixing. Actually they can produce very small particles in just one round.
In general, the solvent and bonding agent work together within the adhesive to provide for proper application. Adhesives which contain high-solids cannot be mixed in traditional mixers. This is when a multi-shaft mixer is used. They have two separate agitators which work in tandem. A an anchor (low-speed) is used in conjunction with two high shear devices. This process helps to move the product through the device so that heat is transferred evenly.
The multi-shaft mixer is a closed system and offers the options of either vacuum or pressure mixing. Vacuum mixing helps produce a higher density adhesive. It also helps rid the product of voids that agitators can cause. It can also save by reducing other processing such as de-aeration.
Possibly the best choice is a planetary mixer. They far exceed multi-shaft mixers. It moves the batch through the vessel using far different methods than the limited multi-shaft types. It shifts the temperature zone to closer proximity of the disperser. With agitators that rotate and move throughout the vessel it carries the batch away from the walls and does a more thorough job of mixing. Rather than using a solid stream of liquid it starts with the solids and gradually adds the liquids.
More information about high shear mixer, please visit Marcel Miller’s site: homogenizing blender
Read more: http://www.play-it-forward.org/sure-fire-mixing-technology-for-preparing-adhesives-tips/#ixzz1DXMuI9M7
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